Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficients β (SE) | Odds ratio | Coefficients β (SE) | Odds ratio | Coefficients β (SE) | Odds ratio | Coefficients β (SE) | Odds ratio | |
Intercept | -2.292 (0.736)*** | -1.690 (0.659) | -1.396 (0.156) | -2.122 (0.657) | ||||
Random intercept variance | 0.715 (0.272*) | 0.328 (0.298) | 0.482 (0.566) | 0.302 (0.846) | ||||
PCV (%) | Reference | 54.1 | 32.6 | 57.8 | ||||
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL | ||||||||
Age | ||||||||
15 to 17 years | NI | NA | 1 | |||||
18 to 19 years | NI | NA | 0.288 (0.266) | 1.334 | 0.173 (0.292) | 1.189 | ||
Marital status | ||||||||
Never married | NI | NA | 1 | 1 | ||||
Ever married | NI | NA | 0.852 (0.254) | 2.344*** | 0.908 (0.244) | 2.479*** | ||
Parity | NI | NA | ||||||
None | NI | NA | 1 | |||||
One or more pregnancies | NI | NA | 2.809 (0.250) | 16.593*** | 2.610 (0.272) | 13.6*** | ||
Age difference with spouse | NI | NA | ||||||
Large difference | NI | NA | 1 | 1 | ||||
Small difference/None | NI | NA | -0.253 (0.253) | 0.776 | -0.106 (0.280) | 0.899 | ||
Education | ||||||||
None/Primary (RC) | NI | NA | 1 | 1 | ||||
Secondary or higher | NI | NA | -.005 (0.263) | 0.995 | NI | NA | 0.062 (0.292) | 1.064 |
Religion | ||||||||
Protestant/Pentecostal | NI | NA | 1 | 1 | ||||
Traditional/Apostolic sect | NI | NA | -0.112 (0.279) | 0.829 | NI | NA | -0.416 (0.306) | 1.516 |
Catholic/Muslim/None/Othersǂ | NI | NA | -0.030 (0.341) | 0.970 | NI | NA | -0.023 (0.373) | 0.977 |
Residence | ||||||||
Urban | NI | NA | 1 | 1 | ||||
Rural | NI | NA | -0.274 (0.323) | 0.761 | NI | NA | -0.041 (0.565) | 0.960 |
Media access | ||||||||
No access | NI | NA | 1 | 1 | ||||
Average access | NI | NA | 0.459 (0.221) | 1.582* | NI | NA | 0.598 (0.232) | 1.818* |
High access | NI | NA | 0.550 (0.254) | 1.733** | NI | NA | 0.758 (0.328) | 2.134** |
Household wealth index | ||||||||
Low | NI | NA | 1 | 1 | ||||
Medium | NI | NA | -0.143 (0.317) | 0.867 | NI | NA | -0.110 (0.345) | 0.896 |
High | NI | NA | -0.393 (0.365) | 0.675 | NI | NA | -0.179 (0.406) | 0.836 |
Level of autonomy | ||||||||
Low autonomy | NI | NA | 1 | |||||
High autonomy | NI | NA | -0.077 (0.235) | 0.926 | NI | NA | -0.046 (0.259) | 0.955 |
COMMUNITY LEVEL | ||||||||
Quality of health care | ||||||||
• Quality of health care index | NI | NA | NI | NA | 0.081 (0.606) | 1.084 | -0.178 (0.845) | 0.837 |
Access to health care | ||||||||
• % of women reporting at least one serious problem accessing health care | NI | NA | NI | NA | 0.391 (0.131) | 1.478* | 0.686 (0.212) | 1.986* |
Socioeconomic development | ||||||||
• Mean number of children ever born per woman | NI | NA | NI | NA | -3.008 (1.062) | 0.049** | -2.647 (1.028) | 0.071*** |
• Mean number of years of school for women | NI | NA | NI | NA | -0.706 (0.151) | 0.494** | -0.986 (0.305) | 0.373** |
• % of women with at least secondary education | NI | NA | NI | NA | -0.684 (0.192) | 0.504** | -0.787 (0.234) | 0.455** |
• % of women with husbands/Partners approving of family planning | NI | NA | NI | NA | 0.156 (0.282) | 1.169 | 0.436 (0.972) | 1.546 |
• Contraceptive prevalence rate | NI | NA | NI | NA | 0.387 (0.141) | 1.473* | 0.252 (0.338) | 1.287 |
• % of women accessing ANC at least once | NI | NA | NI | NA | -0.411 (0.269) | 0.663 | -0.363 (0.674) | 0.699 |
• % of women who delivered their last child in a health facility | NI | NA | NI | NA | -0.054 (0.076) | 0.947 | -0.067 (0.168) | 0.935 |
• % of women participating in labour force | NI | NA | NI | NA | 0.016 (0.022) | 1.013 | 0.045 (0.054) | 1.046 |