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Table 5 Multilevel odds ratios assessing effects of individual and community characteristics on contraceptives use among adolescent women who had sex during the 12 months preceding the survey in Zimbabwe, 2010/11 ZDHS

From: The social context of adolescent women’s use of modern contraceptives in Zimbabwe: a multilevel analysis

Variables

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

 

Coefficients β (SE)

Odds ratio

Coefficients β (SE)

Odds ratio

Coefficients β (SE)

Odds ratio

Coefficients β (SE)

Odds ratio

Intercept

-2.292 (0.736)***

 

-1.690 (0.659)

 

-1.396 (0.156)

 

-2.122 (0.657)

 

Random intercept variance

0.715 (0.272*)

 

0.328 (0.298)

 

0.482 (0.566)

 

0.302 (0.846)

 

PCV (%)

Reference

 

54.1

 

32.6

 

57.8

 

INDIVIDUAL LEVEL

        

Age

        

  15 to 17 years

NI

NA

1

     

  18 to 19 years

NI

NA

0.288 (0.266)

1.334

  

0.173 (0.292)

1.189

Marital status

        

  Never married

NI

NA

1

   

1

 

  Ever married

NI

NA

0.852 (0.254)

2.344***

  

0.908 (0.244)

2.479***

Parity

    

NI

NA

  

  None

NI

NA

1

     

  One or more pregnancies

NI

NA

2.809 (0.250)

16.593***

  

2.610 (0.272)

13.6***

Age difference with spouse

    

NI

NA

  

  Large difference

NI

NA

1

   

1

 

  Small difference/None

NI

NA

-0.253 (0.253)

0.776

  

-0.106 (0.280)

0.899

Education

        

  None/Primary (RC)

NI

NA

1

   

1

 

  Secondary or higher

NI

NA

-.005 (0.263)

0.995

NI

NA

0.062 (0.292)

1.064

Religion

        

  Protestant/Pentecostal

NI

NA

1

   

1

 

  Traditional/Apostolic sect

NI

NA

-0.112 (0.279)

0.829

NI

NA

-0.416 (0.306)

1.516

  Catholic/Muslim/None/Othersǂ

NI

NA

-0.030 (0.341)

0.970

NI

NA

-0.023 (0.373)

0.977

Residence

        

  Urban

NI

NA

1

   

1

 

  Rural

NI

NA

-0.274 (0.323)

0.761

NI

NA

-0.041 (0.565)

0.960

Media access

        

  No access

NI

NA

1

   

1

 

  Average access

NI

NA

0.459 (0.221)

1.582*

NI

NA

0.598 (0.232)

1.818*

  High access

NI

NA

0.550 (0.254)

1.733**

NI

NA

0.758 (0.328)

2.134**

Household wealth index

        

  Low

NI

NA

1

   

1

 

  Medium

NI

NA

-0.143 (0.317)

0.867

NI

NA

-0.110 (0.345)

0.896

  High

NI

NA

-0.393 (0.365)

0.675

NI

NA

-0.179 (0.406)

0.836

Level of autonomy

        

  Low autonomy

NI

NA

1

     

  High autonomy

NI

NA

-0.077 (0.235)

0.926

NI

NA

-0.046 (0.259)

0.955

COMMUNITY LEVEL

        

Quality of health care

        

• Quality of health care index

NI

NA

NI

NA

0.081 (0.606)

1.084

-0.178 (0.845)

0.837

Access to health care

        

• % of women reporting at least one serious problem accessing health care

NI

NA

NI

NA

0.391 (0.131)

1.478*

0.686 (0.212)

1.986*

Socioeconomic development

        

• Mean number of children ever born per woman

NI

NA

NI

NA

-3.008 (1.062)

0.049**

-2.647 (1.028)

0.071***

• Mean number of years of school for women

NI

NA

NI

NA

-0.706 (0.151)

0.494**

-0.986 (0.305)

0.373**

• % of women with at least secondary education

NI

NA

NI

NA

-0.684 (0.192)

0.504**

-0.787 (0.234)

0.455**

• % of women with husbands/Partners approving of family planning

NI

NA

NI

NA

0.156 (0.282)

1.169

0.436 (0.972)

1.546

• Contraceptive prevalence rate

NI

NA

NI

NA

0.387 (0.141)

1.473*

0.252 (0.338)

1.287

• % of women accessing ANC at least once

NI

NA

NI

NA

-0.411 (0.269)

0.663

-0.363 (0.674)

0.699

• % of women who delivered their last child in a health facility

NI

NA

NI

NA

-0.054 (0.076)

0.947

-0.067 (0.168)

0.935

• % of women participating in labour force

NI

NA

NI

NA

0.016 (0.022)

1.013

0.045 (0.054)

1.046

  1. *= p < 0.05; **= p < 0.01; ***= p < 001 ǂOthers includes other christian religions not mentioned.