Reviews (n=06) | Description of included interventions | Type of studies included (no) | Targeted health care providers | Outcome reported | Pooled data (Y/N) | Results | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  |  | Other outcomes | MNCH specific outcomes |  |  |
Bhutta 2012[71] | Mid-level healthcare provider defined as those who have received less training than doctors but who perform aspects of doctors’ tasks. | RCT/cRCT: 52 ITS: 02 Case Control:01 Before After: 01 | Nurse, midwives, auxillary nurse, auxillary nurse midwife, surgical technicians in both HIC and LMIC |  | Wives versus doctors + midwives: | Yes |  |
 |  |  |  |  | Rate of performing c- section |  | 0.92 (0.81-1.15) |
 |  |  |  |  | Postpartum hemorrhage |  | 1.03 (0.82-1.29) |
 |  |  |  |  | Overall fetal or neonatal deaths |  | 0.95 (0.69-1.30) |
 |  |  |  |  | Preterm births |  | 0.87 (0.73-1.04) |
 |  |  |  |  | Admission to neonatal intensive care |  | 1.03 (0.77-1.38) |
 |  |  |  |  | The use of intrapartum regional analgesia |  | 0.88 (0.81-0.96) |
 |  |  |  |  | Episiotomies |  | 0.83 (0.77-0.90) |
 |  |  |  |  | Rates of abortion complication |  | 1.74 (0.82-3.70) |
 |  |  |  |  | Adverse effects |  | 1.15 (0.84-1.56) |
 |  |  |  |  | Nurses versus doctors: |  |  |
 |  |  |  |  | Repeat consultation |  | 0.90 (0.35-2.32) |
 |  |  |  |  | Better physical function |  | 1.06 (0.97-1.15) |
 |  |  |  |  | Attendance to follow-up visit |  | 1.26 (0.95-1.67) |
 |  |  |  |  | Attendance at emergency after receiving care |  | 1.02 (0.87-1.14) |
 |  |  |  |  | Satisfaction with the care received by nurses |  | 0.20 (0.14-0.26) |
Hatem 2008[47] | In midwife-led care, the midwife is the woman’s lead professional, but one or more consultations with medical staff are often part of routine practice. | RCT’s: 11 | HIC |  | Antenatal hospitalization |  | 0.90 (0.81-0.99) |
 |  |  |  |  | Regional analgesia |  | 0.81 (0.73-0.91) |
 |  |  |  |  | Episiotomy |  | 0.82 (0.77-0.88) |
 |  |  |  |  | Instrumental delivery |  | 0.86 (0.78-0.96) |
 |  |  |  |  | Intra-partum analgesia/anesthesia |  | 1.16 (1.05-1.29) |
 |  |  |  |  | SVD |  | 1.04 (1.02-1.06) |
 |  |  |  |  | Feeling in control during child birth |  | 1.74 (1.32- 2.30) |
 |  |  |  |  | Birth attended by midwife |  | 7.84 (4.15-14.81) |
 |  |  |  |  | Initiate breast feeding |  | 1.35 (1.03-1.76) |
 |  |  |  |  | Cesarean births |  | 0.96 (0.87-1.06) |
 |  |  |  |  | Fetal loss before 24 weeks |  | 0.79 (0.65-0.97) |
 |  |  |  |  | Fetal loss/ neonatal death at least 24 weeks |  | 1.01 (0.67-1.53) |
 |  |  |  |  | Fetal / neonatal death |  | 0.83 (0.70-1.00) |
 |  |  |  |  | Hospital stay |  | -2.00 (-2.15- -1.85) |
Laurant 2004[48] | Focus was on nurses working as substitutes for primary care doctors. Supplementation refers to the situation where a nurse supplements the care of the doctor by providing a new primary care service | RCT/Quasi: 13 Before After: 13 | Doctors and nurses in HIC | Nurse versus doctors | Â | Yes | Â |
 |  |  |  | Patient satisfaction |  |  | 0.28 (0.21-0.34) favors nurses |
 |  |  |  | Patient recall |  |  | 1.34 (1.20-1.49) favors nurses |
 |  |  |  | Prescribing rates |  |  | 1.00 (0.96-1.05) |
 |  |  |  | Referral rates |  |  | 0.79 (0.58-1.07) |
Lewin 2010[49] | Any intervention delivered by LHWs and intended to improve maternal or child health (MCH) or the management of infectious diseases. | RCT: 82 | LHW’s majority in LMIC |  | Immunization uptake |  | 1.22 (1.10-1.37) |
 |  |  |  |  | Initiation of breastfeeding |  | 1.36 (1.14 - 1.61) |
 |  |  |  |  | Any breastfeeding |  | 1.24 (1.10-1.39) |
 |  |  |  |  | Exclusive breastfeeding |  | 2.78 (1.74- 4.44) |
 |  |  |  |  | TB cure rates |  | 1.22 (1.13 - 1.31) |
 |  |  |  |  | TB preventive treatment completion |  | 1.00 (0.92 - 1.09) |
 |  |  |  |  | Child morbidity |  | 0.86 (0.75-0.99) |
 |  |  |  |  | Child mortality |  | 0.75 (0.55-1.03) |
 |  |  |  |  | Neonatal mortality |  | 0.76 (0.57-1.02) |
 |  |  |  |  | Care seeking for childhood illness |  | 1.33 (0.86-2.05) |
Pyone 2012[41] | Training of GP’s and assistants o perform caesarean sections | Studies: 03 | Assistant medical officers, GP |  | Maternal health outcomes, staff retention | No | Narrative |
Thompson 2003[50] | Interventions included dietary advice given by a dietician or a nutritionist compared with another health professional (e.g. doctor or nurse) or self-help resources. | RCT’s: 12 | Dietitians , health professionals, nurses, doctors in HIC | Dieticians vs. Dr. |  | Yes | -0.25 mmol/L (-0.37, -0.12) |
 |  |  |  | Blood Cholesterol |  |  | Favors dietician |
 |  |  |  | Dietician vs. self help |  |  | -0.10 mmol/L (-0.22, 0.03) |
 |  |  |  | Blood cholesterol |  |  |  |
 |  |  |  | Dietician vs. nurses |  |  | -0.06 mmol/L (-0.11, -0.01) |
 |  |  |  | HDLc |  |  | Favors dietician |
 |  |  |  | Dietician vs. counselor |  |  | -5.80 (-8.91, -2.69) |
 |  |  |  | Body weight |  |  | Favors dietician |
Vieira 2012[42] | Included studies where Traditional Birth Attendants had been attending births prior to the intervention; and a transition to skilled health personnel were in progress or planned. The intervention was an increase in birth rate with skilled health professionals | 6 studies | Skilled health personnel | Â | Obstetric mortality ratio | Â | OR: 0.35 (95% CI 0.13-0.93) |
 |  |  |  |  | Decrease in maternal deaths |  | OR: 0.31 (95% CI 0.11-0.81) |
 |  |  |  |  | Birth by a physician |  | Increased with ranges from 22.4% to 70.2% |
 |  |  |  |  | Birth by C-Section |  | 1.67 times more likely |