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Table 4 Adjusted ORs and 95 % CIs showing influence of change in fertility desires on change in modern contraceptive use

From: Women's fertility desires and contraceptive behavior in three peri-urban communities in sub Saharan Africa

Covariate

ETHIOPIA (UNADJ)

ETHIOPIA (ADJ)d

GHANA (UNADJ)

GHANA (ADJ)d

NIGERIA (UNADJ)

NIGERIA (ADJ)d

Fertility desire at baseline (Ref = Want more)

1.40 (1.06, 1.85)a

2.03 (1.44, 2.85)c

1.18 (0.76, 1.84)

1.30 (0.77, 2.19)

1.71 (1.23, 2.38)c

1.60 (1.06, 2.41)a

Time (Ref = Baseline)

0.68 (0.54, 0.86)c

0.66 (0.51, 0.85)c

0.49 (0.28, 0.84)a

0.49 (0.28, 0.84)a

1.28 (0.92, 1.79)

1.21 (0.86, 1.72)

Baseline fertility desire X Time

1.32 (0.92, 1.90)

1.32 (0.89, 1.97)

2.71 (1.31, 5.62)a

2.59 (1.24, 5.41)a

1.13 (0.70, 1.85)

1.28 (0.77, 2.13)

Time + Baseline fertility desire X Time

0.90 (0.69, 1.18)

0.87 (0.64, 1.17)

1.32 (0.85, 2.05)

1.26 (0.80, 1.97)

1.45 (1.02, 2.07)a

1.55 (1.07, 2.26)a

Constant

1.77 (1.50, 2.09)c

0.82 (0.48, 1.39)

0.14 (0.10, 0.18)c

0.07 (0.03, 0.17)c

0.35 (0.28, 0.43)c

0.07 (0.03, 0.19)c

  1. a p < 0.05; b p < 0.01; c p < 0.001
  2. dModels were adjusted for age, parity, educational level, wealth and polygyny
  3. Ethiopia: Sebeta; Ghana: Asawase; Nigeria: Ipetomodu
  4. (For these generalized linear models with an underlying binomial distribution, an exchangeable correlation structure was assumed and robust variances estimated, using maximum likelihood estimation.)
  5. X: multiplication