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Table 1 Maternal variables of primiparous women assisted during labor in public hospitals, Brazil, 2011–2012 (N = 2487)

From: Factors associated with cesarean delivery during labor in primiparous women assisted in the Brazilian Public Health System: data from a National Survey

 

Mode of delivery

 

Cesarean during labor

Vaginal delivery

p value *

N

%

N

%

Sociodemographic variables

Maternal age (years)

12–19

144

10.7

1198

89.3

0.372

20–34

180

12.5

1264

87.5

≄35

3

10.7

25

89.3

Self-reported skin color

White

69

10.4

595

89.6

0.415

Black

27

9.2

267

90.8

Brown

223

12.4

1569

87.6

Schooling level

0–7 years

81

11.1

650

88.9

0.753

8–10 years

98

10.9

803

89.1

11–14 years

141

12.5

984

87.5

15 or more

6

11.5

46

88.5

Paid Work

Yes

89

12.1

649

87.9

0.728

No

237

11.4

1836

88.6

Relationship status

Not living with partner

83

10.5

708

89.5

0.421

Living with partner

243

12.0

1777

88.0

Macro region of Brazil

North

50

14.0

308

86.0

0.037

Northeast

147

13.9

913

86.1

South

29

15.3

161

84.7

Southeast

69

6.7

960

93.3

Midwest

33

18.6

144

81.4

Pregnancy characteristics, use of ANC, and childbirth care services

Adequacy of ANC

Inadequate

307

11.8

2305

88.2

0.590

Adequate

20

9.9

182

90.1

Clinical or obstetrical conditions potentially associated with obstetric emergencies before childbirth

Yes

85

22.8

288

77.2

<0.001

No

242

9.9

2199

90.1

Women assisted at the linkage maternity

Yes

141

12.6

980

87.4

0.893

No

41

12.2

294

87.8

Search for childbirth care services before hospital admission

Yes

76

13.9

470

86.1

0.134

No

250

11.0

2016

89.0

Prenatal counseling favorable for vaginal delivery

Yes

175

8.6

1854

91.4

<0.001

No

152

19.4

633

80.6

Decision on the type of delivery at the end of pregnancy

No

167

17.5

790

82.5

<0.001

Yes, vaginal

100

5.9

1608

94.1

Yes, cesarean

58

45.7

69

54.3

Labor and mode of delivery variables

Type of labor

Spontaneous

306

13.2

2018

86.8

<0.001

Induced

21

4.3

468

95.7

Same professional provided assistance during ANC and childbirth

Yes

12

22.2

42

77.8

0.152

No

313

11.4

2442

88.6

Cervical dilation at admission

≄4 cm

171

9.7

1584

90.3

0.017

<4 cm

156

14.7

902

85.3

Use of any of the good practices during labor

Yes

207

8.7

2185

91.3

<0.001

No

120

28.5

301

71.5

Use of a venous catheter

Yes

233

12.3

1656

87.7

0.507

No

94

10.5

800

89.5

Use of spinal or epidural analgesia

Yes

79

30.4

181

69.6

<0.001

No

249

9.9

2276

90.1

Presence of at least one obstetric nurse during assistance with labor

Yes

30

6.4

442

93.6

0.003

No

276

13.5

1774

86.5

Total

 

327

11.6

2487

88.4

 
  1. * Chi-square of Pearson was used for analysis