Factors associated with maternal near miss in childbirth and the postpartum period: findings from the birth in Brazil National Survey, 2011–2012

Table 4 Use of antenatal care, search for childbirth services, clinical and obstetrical complications, and elective C-section, according to maternal characteristics, Brazil, 2011–2012

Characteristic	Antenatal care	p^a	Search of one or more services before admission	p^a	Clinical or obstetric complications	p^a	Elective C-section	p^a
Maternal age (years)
12–19	98.5		21.3		12.9		26.8
20–34	98.8		15.4		19.2		46.0
35 and over	98.9	0.745	12.5	<0.001	32.2	<0.001	59.0	<0.001
Schooling level (years)
15 or more	100		5.9		20.5		79.5
11–14	99.5		14.0		20.8		50.9
8–10	98.9		18.5		17.8		35.4
0–7	97.3	<0.001	20.7	<0.001	18.5	0.009	29.0	<0.001
Skin color^b
White	99.3		12.2		20.3		53.1
Mixed	98.6		18.1		18.5		39.5
Black	98.5	0.009	19.6	<0.001	22.4	0.004	35.0	<0.001
Conjugal situation
With partner	99.2		15.8		19.8		45.3
Without partner	97.2	<0.001	18.1	0.041	17.5	0.035	36.4	<0.001
Primipara
No	98.2		14.8		19.8		41.5
Yes	99.5	<0.001	17.8	<0.001	18.9	0.264	46.1	<0.001
Previous C-section
0	98.8		17.1		18.2		35.0
1	99.0		13.3		23.2		71.5
2 or more	98.8	0.200	11.3	<0.001	25.6	<0.001	89.2	<0.001

^aChi-squared statistic test; ^bPregnant women who self-reported with East Asian or indigenous skin color were excluded from this analysis

ISSN: 1742-4755