Table 1 Strategies to address men and family planning users, number of interventions by strategy, and designation of the interventions as proven, promising or emerging based on the strength of evidence on outcomes

Clinic Provision of Information and Services

4

Bangladesh, Tanzania, and Papua New Guinea, India, Ghana, and Rwanda

Service statistics (3); mystery client study (1)

Promising

Outreach with Male Motivators and Peer Educators/Mentors

10

Malawi, Pakistan, India, El Salvador, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, Nigeria, Madagascar, Timor Leste, Ghana, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Kenya.

Randomized intervention/control studies (3); pre-post intervention studies using non-randomized intervention and control designs (3); post-intervention survey (1); qualitative interviews and/or focus group discussions (3); service statistics (4)

Proven/Emerging

 Social marketing

3

Pakistan, Cameroon and Senegal

Pre-post intervention survey (2); post-intervention survey (1)

Proven

 Mass Media and Social Media

7

Bangladesh, Ghana, Honduras, Guatemala, Pakistan, India, Vietnam, Burkina Faso, Tanzania, and Nicaragua

Pre-post intervention surveys (4); service statistics (3); FGD (2); In-depth interviews (1)

Promising/Emerging

 mHealth

4

Nigeria, Mozambique, India, Ghana, Tanzania and Rwanda

Pre-post intervention study (1) and service statistics (3)

Emerging

 Hotlines

3

Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo

User call statistics (2); Survey of users of a hotline (1)

Emerging

 Community Dialogue

10

Kenya, Uganda, South Africa, Nigeria, Pakistan, Brazil, and India

Randomized control trial (2); quasi-experimental, with intervention and control groups (4); baseline/endline surveys (3); and post-intervention qualitative evaluation (1)

Strongly promising (note that this intervention is strongly promising because the evidence for it comes primarily from HIV rather than FP interventions

 Engaging Religious Leaders

2

Kenya and Pakistan

Longitudinal survey with baseline and endline (1); baseline/endline survey with qualitative interviews (1)

Emerging

 Comprehensive Sexuality Education

4

Tanzania, Uganda, the Balkans and Thailand

Pre-post intervention survey with intervention and control groups (1); indepth interviews long-term post intervention (1); qualitative indepth interviews and focus group discussions (1); pre-post intervention quantitative survey and qualitative interviews (1)

Promising