Table 7 Menstrual hygiene management practices (%)
First author, Year | Country | Setting | School status | N | Use sanitary pads (%) | Use sanitary pads and cloth (%) | Use old or new cloth (%) | Use other materiala (%) | Bathe daily (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
East Africa | |||||||||
 Zegeye 2009 [21] | Ethiopia | Mix | School-going | 565 | 37.6% | NR | 62.5% | NR | NR |
North Africa | |||||||||
 Abd El-Hameed 2011 [44] | Egypt | Mix | School-going | 160 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 100.0%b |
 El-Gilany 2005 [30] | Egypt | Mix | School-going | 642 | 66.8% | NR | 27.9% | 5.3% | 70.9%b |
West Africa | |||||||||
 Iliyasu 2012 [41] | Nigeria | Urban | Mix | 184 | 81.0% | NR | NR | NR | NR |
 Aniebue 2009 [40] | Nigeria | Urban | School-going | 495 | 69.1% | NR | 9.1% | 21.8% | NR |
 Lawan 2010 [20] | Nigeria | Urban | School-going | 371 | 93.8% | NR | 6.2% | NR | NR |
 Oche 2012 [14] | Nigeria | Urban | School-going | 122 | 86.9% | NR | 9.0% | 4.1% | NR |
 Boosey 2014 [16]c | Uganda | Rural | School-going | 140 | 47.1% | NR | 87.1% | 37.1% | NR |
South Asia | |||||||||
 Khanna 2005 [1] | India | Mix | Out-of-school | 304 | 2.0% | NR | 90.9% | 0.3% | NR |
 Juyal 2013 [65] | India | Mix | School-going | 453 | 38.4% | 26.7% | 34.9% | NR | 63.6% |
 Khanna 2005 [1] | India | Mix | School-going | 307 | 6.2% | NR | 68.4% | 0.7% | NR |
 Khanna 2005 [1] | India | Rural | Mix | 281 | 3.2% | NR | 92.2% | 0.7% | NR |
 Rana 2015 [63] | India | Rural | Mix | 400 | 39.0% | NR | 61.0% | NR | NR |
 Bodat 2013 [67] | India | Rural | School-going | 622 | 48.1% | NR | 51.9% | NR | NR |
 Dasgupta 2008 [8] | India | Rural | School-going | 160 | 11.3% | 40% | 48.8% | NR | NR |
 Kanotra 2013 [92] | India | Rural | School-going | 323 | 89.5% | NR | 10.5% | NR | NR |
 Mudey 2010 [34] | India | Rural | School-going | 300 | 15.7% | NR | 46.7% | NR | NR |
 Narayan 2001 [18] | India | Rural | School-going | 327 | 1.7% | 48% | 82.5% | NR | NR |
 Shanbhag 2012 [10] | India | Rural | School-going | 329 | 44.1% | 21.2% | 34.7% | NR | 88.8% |
 Sudeshna 2012 [15] | India | Rural | School-going | 190 | 13.2% | 24.2% | 62.6% | NR | NR |
 Thakre 2011 [12] | India | Rural | School-going | 146 | 30.8% | NR | 69.2% | NR | NR |
 Wasnik 2015 [72] | India | Rural | School-going | 435 | 33.6% | 9.2% | 57.2% | NR | NR |
 Dhingra 2009 [29] | India | Rural | Unclear | 200 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0.0%2 |
 Khanna 2005 [1] | India | Urban | Mix | 330 | 4.8% | NR | 69.0% | 0.3% | NR |
 Goel 2011 [9] | India | Urban | School-going | 478 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 92.9% |
 Nair 2012 [73] | India | Urban | School-going | 3443 | 45.5% | 38.2% | 16.3% | NR | 97.6% |
 Narayan 2001 [18] | India | Urban | School-going | 292 | 8.3% | 17.1% | 72.2% | NR | NR |
 Omidvar 2010 [46] | India | Urban | School-going | 350 | 68.9% | NR | 19.1% | 11.1% | 81.7%b |
 Thakre 2011 [12] | India | Urban | School-going | 241 | 60.6% | NR | 39.4% | NR | NR |
 Yasmin 2013 [13] | India | Urban | School-going | 147 | 82.3% | 1.4% | 16.3% | NR | 85.7% |
 Bobhate 2011 [7] | India | Urban | Unclear | 241 | 43.2% | NR | 41.5% | 15.4% | NR |
 Adhikari 2007 [5] | Nepal | Rural | School-going | 150 | 2.0% | NR | 98.0% | NR | 4.0% |
 Ali 2010 [6]c | Pakistan | Urban | Government school | 425 | 17.9% | NR | 87.5% | 3.9% | 44.2%b |
 Ali 2010 [6]c | Pakistan | Urban | Out-of-school | 425 | 13.2% | NR | 81.0% | 6.6% | 45.9%b |
 Ali 2010 [6]c | Pakistan | Urban | Private school | 425 | 33.8% | NR | 62.6% | 4.4% | 45.2%b |
West Asia | |||||||||
 Poureslami 2002 [79] | Iran | Urban | School-going | 250 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 66.0%b |