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Table 3 Types of intimate partner violence’s during pregnancy among women who gave birth in public zonal hospitals of Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018 (n = 954)

From: Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a case-control study

Variables

Category

Cases n = 318 (%)

Control n = 636 (%)

Total n = 954(%)

Over all violence

No

100 (31.4%)

465 (73.1%)

565 (59.2%)

Yes

218 (68.6%)

171 (26.9%)

389 (40.8%)

Physical violence (n = 156)

 Slapped

No

215 (67.6%)

610 (95.9%)

789 (82.7%)

Yes

103 (32.4%)

26 (4.1%)

165 (17.3%)

 Pushed/shoved/pulled your hair

No

215 (67.6%)

610 (95.9%)

825 (86.5%)

Yes

103 (32.4%)

26 (4.1%)

129 (13.5%)

 Kicked/dragged or beating

No

302 (95.0%)

626 (98.4%)

928 (97.3%)

Yes

16 (5.0%)

10 (1.6%)

26 (2.7%)

 Hit with fist/something else that could hurt you

No

311 (97.8%)

625 (98.3%)

936 (99.2%)

Yes

7 (2.2%)

11 (1.7%)

18 (0.8%)

 Choked or burnt you on purpose

No

315 (99.1%)

631 (99.2%)

946 (99.2%)

Yes

3 (0.9%)

5 (0.8%)

8 (0.8%)

 Threatened or used a weapon against you

No

314 (98.7%)

636 (100%)

950 (99.6%)

Yes

4 (1.3%)

0 (0.0%)

4 (0.4%)

Psychological violence (n = 156)

 Insulted or made you feel bad about yourself

No

214 (67.3%)

521 (81.9%)

735 (77.0%)

Yes

104 (32.7%)

115 (18.1%)

219 (21.3%)

 Belittled or humiliated you in front of others

No

277 (87.1%)

582 (91.5%)

859 (90.1%)

Yes

41 (12.9%)

54 (8.5%)

95 (9.9%)

 Did things to scare or intimidate you purposely

No

270 (84.9%)

590 (92.8%)

860 (90.1%)

Yes

48 (15.1)

46 (7.2%)

94 (9.9%)

 Threatened to hurt you or someone you cared about

No

314 (98.7%)

629 (97.2)

948 (99.4%)

Yes

4 (1.3%)

2 (0.3%)

6 (0.6%)

Sexual violence (n = 509)

 Physically forced you to have sexual intercourse

No

280 (88.1%)

605 (95.1%)

885 (92.8%)

Yes

38 (11.9%)

31 (4.9%)

69 (7.2%)

 Did you have sexual intercourse because you feared what he might do

No

252 (79.2%)

566 (89.0%)

818 (87.7%)

Yes

66 (20.8%)

70 (11.0%)

136 (14.3%)

 Did he force you to do something sexual that felt humiliating

No

266 (83.6%)

585 (92.0%)

851 (89.2%)

Yes

52 (16.4%)

51 (8.0%)

103 (10.8%)