Table 7 Crude odds ratios estimating associations between maternal characteristics and any mistreatment (n = 2138)
| Â | n | OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Logistic Regression | Lower bound | Upper bound | ||
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHICS | ||||
 Maternal Race: Black (reference category: white) | 2098 | 1.77 | 1.31 | 2.40 |
 Maternal Race: Hispanic (reference category: white) | 2098 | 2.04 | 1.42 | 2.93 |
 Maternal Race: Asian (reference category: white) | 2098 | 1.64 | 0.97 | 2.77 |
 Maternal Race: Indigenous (reference category: white) | 2098 | 2.98 | 1.73 | 5.13 |
 Maternal Race: Women of colour (reference category: white women) | 2098 | 1.91 | 1.51 | 2.41 |
 Age: 17 to 25 years (reference category: 31–39) | 1956 | 1.71 | 1.08 | 2.69 |
 Age: 26–30 years (reference category: 31–39) | 1956 | 1.15 | 0.88 | 1.49 |
 Age: Over 40 (reference category: 31–39) | 1956 | 1.04 | 0.62 | 1.74 |
 Nulli/primiparity (reference category: multiparity) | 2135 | 2.50 | 1.99 | 3.14 |
 Low SES - Yes (reference category: no) | 2138 | 1.56 | 1.24 | 1.96 |
MEDICAL OR SOCIAL FACTORS | ||||
 Elevated pregnancy risk - Yes (reference category: no) | 2138 | 2.28 | 1.78 | 2.92 |
 History of substance use, incarceration and/or IPV (social risk)- Yes (reference category: no) | 2138 | 2.24 | 1.59 | 3.17 |
CONTEXT OF CARE | ||||
 Prenatal midwifery care (reference group: prenatal physician care) | 2076 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.40 |
 Actual place of birth hospital or alongside birthing center (reference group: community birth) | 2119 | 7.17 | 5.31 | 9.68 |
 Mode of birth unplanned Cesarean or operative vaginal delivery (reference group: planned Cesarean or spontaneous vaginal birth) | 2129 | 3.72 | 2.79 | 4.97 |
 Difference in opinion with care provider (reference group: no difference in opinion with care provider) | 2138 | 22.69 | 13.94 | 36.92 |