Skip to main content

Table 8 Intersection between mistreatment, race and additional variables (n = 2138)

From: The Giving Voice to Mothers study: inequity and mistreatment during pregnancy and childbirth in the United States

  

n (%) who report any mistreatment

Intersectional Factor

n

Women of colour (n = 162)

White women (n = 199)

Sociodemographics

 Nulliparity

811

92/282 (32.6)

114/529 (21.6)

 Age 17–25 years

116

17/55 (30.9)

11/61 (18.0)

 Low SES

726

83/309 (26.9)

74/417 (17.7)

Medical or Social Factors

 Elevated pregnancy risk

434

60/162 (37.0)

60/272 (22.1)

 Social risk

172

30/66 (45.5)

21/106 (19.8)

Context of care

 Prenatal midwifery care

1120

63/393 (16.0)

107/1057 (10.1)

 Actual place of birth: hospital or in-hospital birthing centre

1013

137/404 (33.9)

146/609 (24.0)

 Actual place of birth: home or freestanding birthing centre

1009

17/258 (6.6)

38/751 (5.1)

 Unplanned Caesarean or operative vaginal birth

235

43/105 (41.0)

48/130 (36.9)

 Difference in opinion with care provider

102

39/47 (83.0)

42/55 (76.4)