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Table 4 Risk of Adverse Delivery Outcomes Associated with IDI

From: The relationship between birth intervals and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in six low and lower-middle income countries

 

IDI (months)a

Adjusted RR (95% CI)b

6–17 N (%)

18–36 N (%)

37–60 N (%)

61–180 N (%)

6–17 vs. 18–36

37–60 vs. 18–36

61–180 vs. 18–36

Deliveries

17,392

91,670

50,447

22,273

   

Obstructed labor

711 (4.1)

2858 (3.1)

1765 (3.5)

1007 (4.5)

1.17 (1.07, 1.28)

1.18 (1.11, 1.24)

1.54 (1.43, 1.65)

Maternal hemorrhage

525 (3.0)

1891 (2.1)

955 (1.9)

458 (2.1)

1.17 (1.04, 1.33)

1.01 (0.93, 1.10)

1.19 (1.06, 1.32)

Hypertension/pre-eclampsia/eclampsia

359 (2.1)

1242 (1.4)

916 (1.8)

731 (3.3)

1.38 (1.19, 1.61)

1.39 (1.26, 1.54)

2.10 (1.87, 2.36)

Fetal malposition

396 (2.3)

1419 (1.5)

773 (1.5)

491 (2.2)

1.27 (1.11, 1.46)

1.03 (0.95, 1.13)

1.34 (1.22, 1.48)

Maternal infection

375 (2.3)

1217 (1.4)

625 (1.4)

323 (1.6)

1.35 (1.17, 1.56)

1.05 (0.96, 1.16)

1.33 (1.21, 1.46)

Maternal hospitalization

1109 (7.1)

4724 (5.7)

3006 (6.6)

2080 (10.1)

1.31 (1.22, 1.41)

1.17 (1.11, 1.23)

1.55 (1.43, 1.67)

Maternal death < 42 days, N (Rate/100,000 deliveries)

35 (202)

139 (152)

94 (187)

40 (180)

1.25 (0.77, 2.02)

1.40 (1.05, 1.88)

1.54 (1.10, 2.16)

  1. aColumns present N (%) for each adverse delivery outcome within each IDI category with the exception of maternal death < 42 days which is presented as rate/100,000 deliveries
  2. bRelative risks and 95% confidence intervals from a logistic model with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of outcomes within cluster adjusting for maternal age, education, parity, ANC visits, and iron supplements. All Maternal outcomes used a Binomial distribution