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Table 2 Distribution of factors associated with FGM in SSA

From: Socio-economic and demographic determinants of female genital mutilation in sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of data from demographic and health surveys

Variables

FGM among women

FGM among daughters

Yes

No

χ2 (P value)

Yes

No

χ2 (P value)

Wealth quintile

  

7.9 (< 0.001)

  

8.0 (< 0.001)

 Poorest

60.2

39.8

 

18.7

81.3

 

 Poorer

54.9

45.1

 

15.1

84.9

 

 Middle

52.8

47.2

 

13.7

86.3

 

 Richer

50.5

49.5

 

11.7

88.3

 

 Richest

42.9

57.1

 

6.8

93.2

 

Education

  

29.6 (< 0.001)

  

21.2 (< 0.001)

 No education

65.8

34.2

 

20.8

79.2

 

 Primary

39.2

60.8

 

5.6

94.4

 

 Secondary

38.8

61.2

 

5.0

95.0

 

 Higher

32.8

67.2

 

3.5

96.5

 

Age

  

973.3 (< 0.001)

  

21.5 (< 0.001)

 15–19

46.0

54.0

 

1.2

98.8

 

 20–24

47.9

52.1

 

5.9

94.1

 

 25–29

51.9

48.5

 

11.7

88.3

 

 30–34

53.7

46.3

 

17.7

82.3

 

 35–39

55.9

44.1

 

21.4

78.6

 

 40–44

56.0

44.0

 

21.8

78.2

 

 45–49

59.7

40.4

 

22.7

77.3

 

Residence

  

875.0 (< 0.001)

  

6.3 (< 0.001)

 Urban

46.5

53.5

 

8.6

91.4

 

 Rural

54.9

45.1

 

15.4

84.6

 

Marital status

  

12.5 (< 0.001)

  

18.0 (< 0.001)

 Single

40.7

59.4

 

0.5

99.5

 

 Married

57.4

42.6

 

17.6

82.4

 

 Cohabitation

31.5

68.5

 

3.3

96.7

 

 Widowed/divorced/separated

47.1

52.9

 

10.9

89.1

 

Occupation

  

12.3 (< 0.001)

  

6.8 (< 0.001)

 Not working

46.9

53.1

 

10.5

89.5

 

 Managerial

35.7

64.3

 

6.6

93.4

 

 Clerical

35.1

64.9

 

5.0

95.0

 

 Sales

49.7

50.3

 

15.3

84.7

 

 Agricultural

63.0

37.0

 

16.9

82.1

 

 Household

27.4

72.6

 

2.6

97.4

 

 Services

41.1

58.9

 

9.8

90.2

 

 Manual

61.3

38.7

 

14.7

85.3

 

 Other

64.0

36.0

 

7.3

92.7

 

Frequency of reading newspaper

17.7 (< 0.001)

  

9.5 (< 0.001)

 Not at all

56.5

43.5

 

15.1

84.9

 

 Less than a week

30.1

69.9

 

3.0

97.0

 

 At least once a week

29.9

70.1

 

2.4

97.6

 

Frequency of listening to radio

7.6 (< 0.001)

  

832.3 (< 0.001)

 Not at all

58.6

41.4

 

16.5

83.5

 

 Less than once a week

52.7

47.3

 

12.6

87.4

 

 At least once a week

45.7

54.3

 

10.2

89.8

 

Frequency of watching television

14.4 (< 0.001)

  

8.0 (< 0.001)

 Not at all

59.3

40.7

 

16.3

83.7

 

 Less than once a week

46.9

53.1

 

10.9

89.1

 

 At least once a week

39.2

60.8

 

7.4

92.6

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