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Table 3 Results of binary logistic regression analysis of the influence of socio-economic status and other socio-demographic characteristics on FGM

From: Socio-economic and demographic determinants of female genital mutilation in sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of data from demographic and health surveys

Variables

FGM among women

FGM among daughters

Model I

AOR (95%CI)

Model I

AOR (95%CI)

Socio-economic variables

  

 Wealth quintile

  

  Poorest

Ref

Ref

  Poorer

0.76*** (0.72–0.79)

0.81*** (0.76–0.85)

  Middle

0.74***(0.70–0.77)

0.79***(0.75–0.84)

  Richer

0.65***(0.62–0.69)

0.76***(0.71–0.80)

  Richest

0.51***(0.48–0.55)

0.64***(0.59–0.70)

 Education

  

  No education

Ref

Ref

  Primary

0.80***(0.77–0.84)

0.57***(0.53–0.60)

  Secondary

0.77***(0.73–0.80)

0.61***(0.56–0.65)

  Higher

0.62***(0.57–0.68)

0.32***(0.24–0.38)

Socio-demographic variables

  

 Age

  

  15–19

Ref

Ref

  20–24

1.11***(1.06–1.17)

3.24***(2.78–3.75)

  25–29

1.21***(1.14–1.28)

5.76***(4.98–6.66)

  30–34

1.34***(1.26–1.42)

9.49***(8.20–10.97)

  35–39

1.48***(1.39–1.58)

11.83***(10.23–13.69)

  40–44

1.60***(1.50–1.71)

12.41***(10.71–14.39)

  45–49

1.85***(1.73–1.99)

12.61***(10.86–14.64)

 Residence

  

  Urban

Ref

Ref

  Rural

0.81***(0.78–0.84)

1.09**(1.03–1.15)

 Marital status

  

  Single

Ref

Ref

  Married

1.67***(1.59–1.75)

8.24***(6.88–9.87)

  Cohabitation

1.06 (0.97–1.15)

3.24***(2.78–4.49)

  Widowed/divorced/separated

1.50***(1.40–1.61)

5.81***(4.78–7.05)

 Occupation

  

  Not working

Ref

Ref

  Managerial

1.13**(1.04–0.23)

1.09(0.93–1.27)

  Clerical

0.97(0.83–1.13)

0.83(0.62–1.11)

  Sales

1.07**(1.03–1.12)

1.02(0.99–1.08)

  Agricultural

1.24***(1.19–1.29)

0.99(0.93–1.08)

  Household

084***0.78–0.92)

0.65***(0.53–0.81)

  Services

0.96(0.89–1.03)

0.85**(0.77–0.95)

  Manual

1.11***(1.04–1.17)

1.09* (1.02–1.18)

  Other

0.91(0.74–1.12)

0.61*(0.42–0.90)

 Frequency of reading newspaper/magazine

 

  Not at all

Ref

Ref

  Less than a week

0.83***(0.79–0.88)

0.72***(0.64–0.81)

  At least once a week

0.66***(0.62–0.70)

0.61*** (0.52–0.71)

 Frequency of listening to radio

  

  Not at all

Ref

Ref

  Less than once a week

1.01(0.96–1.05)

1.00(0.95–1.06)

  At least once a week

0.92***(0.88–0.95)

0.99(0.94–1.04)

 Frequency of watching television

  

  Not at all

Ref

Ref

  Less than once a week

1.02(0.97–1.07)

0.93*(0.87–0.99)

  At least once a week

0.94*(0.90–0.99)

0.81***(0.75–0.86)

 Survey country

  

  Burkina Faso

Ref

Ref

  Ethiopia

0.89***(0.83–0.95)

2.06***(1.87–2.26)

  Guinea

8.51***(7.64–9.49)

4.20***(3.90–4.52)

  Kenya

0.17***(0.16–0.18)

0.65*** (0.58–0.73)

  Mali

1.97***(1.79–2.16)

12.47***(11.36–13.70)

  Nigeria

0.15***(0.14–0.16)

2.49***(2.30–2.69)

  Niger

0.01***(0.01–0.02)

0.24***(0.20–0.30)

  Sierra Leone

3.26***(3.06–3.18)

3.35***(3.12–3.60)

  Sengal

0.21***(0.20–0.23)

1.22***(1.11–1.33)

  Chad

0.29***(0.27–0.31)

1.37***(1.25–1.50)

  Togo

0.03***(0.02–0.03)

0.04***(0.03–0.06)

  Tanzania

0.04***(0.04–0.05)

0.06***(0.04–0.08)

  Pseudo R2

0.336

0.269

  1. Exponentiated coefficients; 95% confidence intervals in brackets
  2. Ref reference category, COR crude odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio
  3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001