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Table 5 Fetal/neonatal characteristics and newborn care for each of the sites and for all the sites combined except Pakistan

From: Why are the Pakistani maternal, fetal and newborn outcomes so poor compared to other low and middle-income countries?

Variable

Pakistan

India

Kenya and Zambia

DRC

Guatemala

Total except Pakistan

Births, N

92,166

206,816

138,146

32,173

83,481

460,616

Birth weight, N (%)

91,535

206,342

137,936

32,118

83,354

459,750

 < 1000 g

819 (0.9)

1,560 (0.8)

330 (0.2)

196 (0.6)

361 (0.4)

2447 (0.5)

 100–1499 g

1770 (1.9)

2,489 (1.2)

719 (0.5)

414 (1.3)

557 (0.7)

4179 (0.9)

 1500–2499 g

16,580 (18.1)

32,576 (15.8)

6278 (4.6)

3592 (11.2)

12,255 (14.7)

54,701 (11.9)

 ≥ 2500 g

72,366 (79.1)

169,717 (82.3)

130,609 (94.7)

27,916 (86.9)

70,181 (84.2)

398,423 (86.7)

Preterm, N (%)

88,120

202,176

132,773

32,047

81,492

448,488

 Yes

18,104 (20.5)

22,371 (11.1)

16,458 (12.4)

6733 (21.0)

8911 (10.9)

54,473 (12.1)

 No

70,016 (79.5)

179,805 (88.9)

116,315 (87.6)

25,314 (79.0)

72,581 (89.1)

394,015 (87.9)

Neonatal care

      

Placed on chest/skin to skin care, N (%)

89,678

201,434

135,921

30,818

81,282

449,455

 Yes

7066 (7.9)

118,069 (58.6)

100,824 (74.2)

23,430 (76.0)

33,489 (41.2)

275,812 (61.4)

 No

82,612 (92.1)

83,365 (41.4)

35,097 (25.8)

7,388 (24.0)

47,793 (58.8)

173,643 (38.6)

Cord care, N (%)

61,051

140,630

99,119

32,080

69,654

341,483

 Yes

4047 (6.6)

49,760 (35.4)

24,772 (25.0)

2067 (6.4)

67,896 (97.5)

144,495 (42.3)

 No

57,004 (93.4)

90,870 (64.6)

74,347 (75.0)

30,013 (93.6)

1758 (2.5)

196,988 (57.7)

Immunization, N (%)

19,087

56,110

27,676

20,031

103,817

 Yes

726 (3.8)

32,357 (57.7)

8026 (29.0)

11,179 (55.8)

51,562 (49.7)

 No

18,361 (96.2)

23,753 (42.3)

19,650 (71.0)

8852 (44.2)

52,255 (50.3)

Breast feeding within 1 h, N (%)

89,644

201,202

136,375

30,798

81,427

449,802

 Yes

13,833 (15.4)

162,732 (80.9)

113,480 (83.2)

29,844 (96.9)

53,176 (65.3)

359,232 (79.9)

 No

75,811 (84.6)

38,470 (19.1)

22,895 (16.8)

954 (3.1)

28,251 (34.7)

90,570 (20.1)

  1. Characteristics compared between the Pakistan site and all other sites combined using chi-square tests. All p values were < 0.0001