Table 1 Maternal characteristics and outcomes by parity
Nulliparous | Parous | Total | Nulliparous vs. Parous p-valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 to 3 | 4 or more | ||||
Total sample size | 8742 | 5703 | 676 | 15,121 | |
Study site, N (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
DRC | 974 (11.1) | 503 (8.8) | 269 (39.8) | 1746 (11.5) | |
Guatemala | 1344 (15.4) | 673 (11.8) | 83 (12.3) | 2100 (13.9) | |
Belagavi, India | 3473 (39.7) | 3,546 (62.2) | 77 (11.4) | 7096 (46.9) | |
Nagpur, India | 1748 (20.0) | 455 (8.0) | 1 (0.1) | 2204 (14.6) | |
Pakistan | 1203 (13.8) | 526 (9.2) | 246 (36.4) | 1975 (13.1) | |
Maternal age, N (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
< 20 | 2965 (33.9) | 145 (2.5) | 1 (0.1) | 3111 (20.6) | |
20–35 | 5753 (65.8) | 5466 (95.8) | 560 (82.8) | 11,779 (77.9) | |
≥ 36 | 24 (0.3) | 92 (1.6) | 115 (17.0) | 231 (1.5) | |
Maternal height, N (%) (cm) | 0.0024 | ||||
< 145 | 835 (9.6) | 453 (7.9) | 37 (5.5) | 1325 (8.8) | |
145–155 | 5292 (60.5) | 3587 (62.9) | 322 (47.6) | 9201 (60.9) | |
≥ 156 | 2614 (29.9) | 1663 (29.2) | 317 (46.9) | 4594 (30.4) | |
Maternal education, N (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
No formal education | 1308 (15.0) | 840 (14.7) | 391 (57.8) | 2539 (16.8) | |
Primary/secondary | 6063 (69.4) | 4248 (74.5) | 279 (41.3) | 10,590 (70.0) | |
University | 1370 (15.7) | 615 (10.8) | 6 (0.9) | 1991 (13.2) | |
Antenatal care visits, Mean (SD) | 4.9 (1.8) | 4.7 (1.7) | 4.2 (2.0) | 4.8 (1.8) | < 0.001 |
Socioeconomic status score, N (%) | |||||
< 34 | 1135 (13.9) | 582 (11.3) | 314 (50.3) | 2031 (14.6) | 0.8085 |
34–65 | 3360 (41.1) | 2202 (42.8) | 235 (37.7) | 5797 (41.6) | |
≥ 66 | 3677 (45.0) | 2360 (45.9) | 75 (12.0) | 6112 (43.8) | |
Hypertensive disease/severe preeclampsia/eclampsia, N (%) | 498 (5.7) | 150 (2.6) | 19 (2.8) | 667 (4.4) | < 0.0001 |