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Table 1 Maternal, delivery and infant characteristics by Global Network Site

From: Rates and risk factors for preterm birth and low birthweight in the global network sites in six low- and low middle-income countries

Characteristic

Overall, all sites

DRC

Zambia

Kenya

Guatemala

Belagavi, India

Nagpur, India

Pakistan

Deliveries, N

272,192

29,796

33,918

36,166

52,047

40,172

41,894

38,199

Maternal age

272,094

29,767

33,906

36,110

52,047

40,172

41,894

38,198

 < 20

38,388 (14.1)

5744 (19.3)

194 (24.2)

8166 (22.6)

8915 (17.1)

4684 (11.7)

981 (2.3)

1704 (4.5)

 20–35

219,304 (80.6)

21,493 (72.2)

22,992 (67.8)

26,402 (73.1)

37,865 (72.8)

35,360 (88.0)

40,701 (97.2)

34,491 (90.3)

 > 35

14,402 (5.3)

2530 (8.5)

2720 (8.0)

1,542 (4.3)

5267 (10.1)

128 (0.3)

212 (0.5)

2003 (5.2)

Maternal education

272,095

29,795

33,910

36,119

52,047

40,170

41,858

38,196

 No formal education

58,512 (21.5)

11,278 (37.9)

2509 (7.4)

528 (1.5)

6428 (12.4)

5236 (13.0)

1296 (3.1)

31,237 (81.8)

 Primary/secondary

195,792 (72.0)

18,450 (61.9)

30,903 (91.1)

32,458 (89.9)

42,076 (80.8)

31,346 (78.0)

34,140 (81.6)

6419 (16.8)

 University+ 

17,791 (6.5)

67 (0.2)

498 (1.5)

3133 (8.7)

3543 (6.8)

3588 (8.9)

6422 (15.3)

540 (1.4)

Parity

270,083

29,795

33,915

36,124

52,046

40,170

41,867

36,166

 0

84,753 (31.4)

5,598 (18.8)

10,454 (30.8)

11,737 (32.5)

15,479 (29.7)

14,585 (36.3)

20,804 (49.7)

6,096 (16.9)

 1–2

113,835 (42.1)

9350 (31.4)

13,300 (39.2)

14,136 (39.1)

20,972 (40.3)

22,795 (56.7)

20,239 (48.3)

13,043 (36.1)

 > 2

71,495 (26.5)

14,847 (49.8)

10,161 (30.0)

10,251 (28.4)

15,595 (30.0)

2,790 (6.9)

824 (2.0)

17,027 (47.1)

Antenatal iron/calcium/vitamins

272,136

29,790

33,918

36,166

52,044

40,166

41,854

38,198

 Received any

260,290 (95.6)

28,087 (94.3)

33,847 (99.8)

35,558 (98.3)

50,117 (96.3)

39,474 (98.3)

41,751 (99.8)

31,456 (82.3)

Tetanus toxoid immunization received

272,079

29,789

33,917

36,166

51,967

40,170

41,871

38,199

 Yes

230,906 (84.9)

26,108 (87.6)

30,911 (91.1)

32,884 (90.9)

39,514 (76.0)

40,117 (99.9)

41,791 (99.8)

19,581 (51.3)

 At least one ANC visit

272,155

29,796

33,918

36,164

52,036

40,171

41,872

38,198

 Yes

266,816 (98.0)

28,775 (96.6)

33,889 (99.9)

35,826 (99.1)

49,841 (95.8)

40,159 (100.0)

41,763 (99.7)

36,563 (95.7)

Number of ANC visits

271,910

29,758

33,916

36,138

51,961

40,166

41,798

38,173

 0

5339 (2.0)

1021 (3.4)

29 (0.1)

338 (0.9)

2195 (4.2)

12 (0.0)

109 (0.3)

1635 (4.3)

 1–3

102,119 (37.6)

14,790 (49.7)

17,978 (53.0)

15,044 (41.6)

16,968 (32.7)

10,642 (26.5)

5,415 (13.0)

21,282 (55.8)

 4+

164,452 (60.5)

13,947 (46.9)

15,909 (46.9)

20,756 (57.4)

32,798 (63.1)

29,512 (73.5)

36,274 (86.8)

15,256 (40.0)

Obstructive labor

272,180

29,796

33,918

36,166

52,045

40,171

41,885

38,199

 Yes

14,021 (5.2)

438 (1.5)

869 (2.6)

1148 (3.2)

2271 (4.4)

3433 (8.5)

468 (8.3)

2394 (6.3)

Severe antepartum hemorrhage

272,179

29,796

33,917

36,166

52,043

40,171

41,887

38,199

Yes

1361 (0.5)

60 (0.2)

162 (0.5)

202 (0.6)

124 (0.2)

179 (0.4)

71 (0.2)

563 (1.5)

Severe postpartum hemorrhage

270,473

29,786

33,368

35,377

52,015

40,170

41,558

38,199

 Yes

3041 (1.1)

178 (0.6)

189 (0.6)

438 (1.2)

426 (0.8)

639 (1.6)

66 (0.2)

1105 (2.9)

Hypertensive disorders

272,108

29,744

33,913

36,165

52,032

40,171

41,887

38,196

 Yes

5904 (2.2)

12 (0.0)

284 (0.8)

150 (0.4)

2069 (4.0)

1538 (3.8)

983 (2.3)

868 (2.3)

Fetal malpresentation

272,154

29,774

33,917

36,163

52,044

40,171

41,886

38,199

 Yes

4564 (1.7)

108 (0.4)

196 (0.6)

260 (0.7)

1499 (2.9)

653 (1.6)

755 (1.8)

1093 (2.9)

Sex of the baby

272,177

29,794

33,915

36,166

52,043

40,169

41,892

38,198

 Female

132,674 (48.7)

14,351 (48.2)

16,794 (49.5)

18,026 (49.8)

25,428 (48.9)

19,391 (48.3)

20,141 (48.1)

18,543 (48.5)