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Table 5 Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of incident pregnancy among the 8024 adolescents

From: Decreasing incidence of pregnancy among HIV-positive adolescents in a large HIV treatment program in western Kenya between 2005 and 2017: a retrospective cohort study

Variable

Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HR (95% CI)

Age at enrollment (years)

1.75 (1.66, 1.84)

1.34 (1.26, 1.43)

Married or living with a partner

 Yes vs. no

3.19 (2.56, 3.99)

1.35 (1.05, 1.73)

Had sex within 6 months prior to enrollment

 Yes vs. no

2.28 (1.77, 2.93)

1.26 (0.96, 1.64)

Had sex outside of marriage

 Yes vs. no

1.93 (1.28, 2.91)

1.36 (0.90, 2.07)

Urban clinic location

 Yes vs. no

0.90 (0.75, 1.08)

0.97 (0.80, 1.17)

Pregnant at the time of inclusion in the study

 Yes vs. no

6.05 (4.68, 7.82)

1.12 (0.85, 1.47)

Had at least one child at enrollment

 Yes vs. no

4.87 (3.79, 6.25)

2.01 (1.54, 2.62)

HIV status disclosed at enrollment

 Yes vs. no

4.94 (3.86, 6.31)

1.33 (1.02, 1.73)

Hospitalized in the year prior to enrollment

 Yes vs. no

0.50 (0.33, 0.77)

0.71 (0.46, 1.09)

aCD4 cell count per mm3

 > 350 vs. ≤ 350

1.56 (1.15, 2.12)

1.26 (0.91, 1.74)

b BMI (kg/m2)

 18.5–25 vs. ≤ 18.5

4.94 (2.99, 8.19)

1.88 (1.12, 3.13)

 > 25 vs. < 18.5

2.56 (1.01, 6.45)

0.72 (0.28, 1.84)

b Hemoglobin (g/dL)

  

 > 11 vs. ≤ 11.0

2.14 (1.13, 4.08)

1.54 (0.80, 2.95)

bWHO clinical stage

 2 vs. 1

0.61 (0.45, 0.81)

0.87 (0.64, 1.18)

 3 vs. 1

0.40 (0.30, 0.54)

0.71 (0.52, 0.98)

 4 vs. 1

0.18 (0.08, 0.45)

0.33 (0.13, 0.81)

Family planning use

 Yes vs. no

2.48 (1.93, 3.18)

0.75 (0.57, 0.97)

  1. HR hazard ratio, CL confidence limits
  2. aClose to conception data (6 months pre- and 1 month post- for those who became pregnant, and 6 months before last visit for those who were not pregnant)
  3. bClose to conception data (3 months pre- and 1 month post- for those who became pregnant, and 3 months before last visit for those who were not pregnant)