ICD-10 RCPCH codea | Birth defects | Number of defects | cOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI)d | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | 12–19 years | 20–34 years |  |  |  |
Neural tube defects (NTD)* |  | 9 | 95 | 0.77 (0.39–1.52) | 0.63 (0.27–1.52) | 0.311 |
Q00.0 | Anencephaly | 2 | 27 | 0.60 (0.14–2.52) | 0.64 (0.14–2.90) | 0.559 |
Q00.1 | Craniorachischisis | 0 | 2 | na | na | na |
Q01.0–Q01.2, Q01.8–Q01.9 | Encephalocele | 4 | 11 | 2.94 (0.94–9.24) | 1.43 (0.27–7.43) | 0.673 |
Q05.0–Q05.9 | Spina bifida | 3 | 56 | 0.43 (0.14–1.38) | 0.40 (0.08–1.67) | 0.202 |
Q02 | Microcephaly | 3 | 6 | 4.04 (1.01–16.17) β | 4.54 (0.81–25.39) | 0.085 |
Malformations of eyes and ears | 5 | 28 | 1.44 (0.56–3.74) | 3.09 (1.01–9.42) | 0.047 | |
Q11–Q11.1; Q11.2 | Anophthalmia; Microphthalmia | 3 | 12 | 2.02 (0.57–7.16) | 3.21 (0.71–14.38) | 0.128 |
Q16.0; Q17.2 | Anotia; Microtia | 2 | 16 | 1.01 (0.23–4.40) | 2.94 (0.55–15.72) | 0.206 |
Orofacial cleftsb | 9 | 51 | 1.43 (0.70–2.90) | 1.28 (0.57–2.91) | 0.549 | |
Q35.1–Q35.9, Q38.5, Q87.0 | Cleft palate | 2 | 13 | 1.24 (0.28–5.51) | 0.71 (0.08–6.12) | 0.752 |
Q36.0, Q36.9 | Cleft lip alone | 3 | 12 | 2.02 (0.57–7.16) | 2.54 (0.59–11.50) | 0.213 |
Q37.0–Q37.9 | Cleft lip + palate | 4 | 26 | 1.24 (0.43–3.56) | 1.09 (0.35–3.41) | 0.877 |
Q42.3 | Imperforate anus | 1 | 20 | 0.40 (0.05–3.01) | 1.06 (0.12–9.08) | 0.960 |
Q54.0–Q54.3, Q54.8–Q54.9 | Hypospadiasc | 10 | 104 | 0.75 (0.39–1.44) | 0.63 (0.29–1.34) | 0.230 |
Musculoskeletal system* | 45 | 214 | 1.70 (1.23–2.35)β | 1.69 (1.15–2.50) | 0.008 | |
Q66.0, Q66.8 | Talipes equinovarus | 22 | 128 | 1.41 (0.89–2.22) | 1.33 (0.77–2.30) | 0.309 |
Q71.0–Q73.8 | Total limb reduction | 8 | 44 | 1.47 (0.69–3.12) | 1.75 (0.67–4.56) | 0.249 |
Q79.2 | Omphalocele | 8 | 41 | 1.58 (0.74–3.37) | 2.17 (0.92–5.18) | 0.078 |
Q79.3 | Gastroschisis | 8 | 14 | 4.62 (1.93–11.02)β | 3.20 (1.12–9.13) | 0.030 |