| Pregnant women (n/%) | Partners (n/%) | Pregnant women with perinatal outcome data (n/%) |
---|---|---|---|
 | N = 548 | N = 425 | N = 457 |
Demographics* | Â | Â | Â |
Age | Â | Â | Â |
 Median (years, IR) | 27 (25–29) | 29 (27–32) | 27 (24–29) |
 ≤ 20 | 32 (5.8) | 9 (2.1) | 26 (5.7) |
 21–25 | 156 (28.8) | 58 (13.6) | 138 (30.2) |
 26–30 | 360 (65.7) | 199 (46.8) | 293 (64.1) |
 ≥ 31 | 0 (0) | 157 (36.9) | 0 (0) |
Age difference (years) with partner | Â | Â | Â |
 0–4 | 392 (71.5) | NA | 326 (71.3) |
 5–9 | 96 (17.5) |  | 84 (18.4) |
 ≥ 10 | 33 (6.0) |  | 27 (5.9) |
Migration background | Â | Â | Â |
 Western | 412 (75.2) | 333 (78.4) | 345 (75.5) |
 Non-Western | 119 (21.7) | 78 (18.4) | 100 (21.9) |
Highest level education | Â | Â | Â |
 High | 272 (49.6) | 192 (45.2) | 222 (48.6) |
 Middle | 225 (41.1) | 181 (42.6) | 196 (42.9) |
 Low | 34 (6.2) | 37 (8.7) | 27 (5.9) |
Socioeconomic status (SES) | Â | Â | Â |
 Very high and high SES | 117 (21.4) | NA | 95 (20.8) |
 Average SES | 211 (38.5) |  | 183 (40.0) |
 Low and very low SES | 197 (35.9) |  | 164 (35.9) |
Urbanity | Â | Â | Â |
 Very high urbanity | 103 (18.8) | NA | 83 (18.4) |
 High urbanity | 252 (46.0) |  | 215 (47.0) |
 Average to low urbanity | 173 (31.6) |  | 146 (31.9) |
Province | Â | Â | Â |
 Noord-Holland | 198 (36.1) | NA | 173 (37.9) |
 Zuid-Holland | 120 (21.9) |  | 89 (19.5) |
 Other | 210 (38.3) |  | 183 (40.0) |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â |
 Married or living together | 460 (83.9) | NA | 388 (84.9) |
 Single or partner not living together | 70 (12.8) |  | 56 (12.3) |
Duration relationship (years) | Â | Â | Â |
 0–4 | 193 (35.2) | NA | 162 (35.4) |
 5–9 | 221 (40.3) |  | 185 (40.5) |
 ≥ 10 | 84 (15.3) |  | 70 (15.3) |
Religion | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 330 (60.2) | 278 (65.4) | 276 (60.4) |
 Yes, Catholic/Christian | 169 (30.8) | 104 (24.5) | 142 (31.1) |
 Yes, Islamic | 27 (4.9) | 15 (3.5) | 23 (5.0) |
 Yes, else | 1 (0.2) | 6 (1.4) | 1 (0.2) |
Partner (distant) relative | Â | Â | Â |
No | 501 (91.4) | NA | 420 (91.9) |
 Yes | 4 (0.7) |  | 4 (0.9) |
Migration background partner | Â | Â | Â |
 Western | 394 (71.9) | NA | 331 (72.4) |
 Non-Western | 114 (20.8) |  | 95 (20.8) |
Highest level education partner | Â | Â | Â |
 High | 230 (42.0) | NA | 185 (40.0) |
 Low/middle | 280 (51.1) |  | 242 (53.0) |
Pregnancy information | Â | Â | Â |
Pregnancy planned and desired | Â | Â | Â |
 Planned and desired | 385 (70.3) | NA | 327 (71.6) |
 Not planned, but desired | 145 (26.5) |  | 118 (25.8) |
Gestational age at discovery (weeks) | Â | Â | Â |
 0–4 | 243 (44.3) | NA | 196 (42.9) |
 5–9 | 266 (48.5) |  | 233 (51.0) |
 ≥ 10 | 17 (3.1) |  | 12 (2.6) |
Gestational age at study inclusion | Â | Â | Â |
 1st trimester (1–12 weeks) | 168 (30.7) | NA | 143 (31.3) |
 2nd trimester (13–27 weeks) | 242 (44.2) |  | 201 (44.0) |
 3rd trimester (28–41 weeks) | 115 (21.0) |  | 97 (21.2) |
BMI (pre-pregnancy, kg/m2) | Â | Â | Â |
 < 18.5 | 30 (5.5) | NA | 25 (5.5) |
 18.5–25 | 354 (64.6) |  | 292 (63.9) |
 25–30 | 94 (17.2) |  | 83 (18.2) |
 ≥ 30 | 40 (7.3) | 34 (7.4) | |
Antibiotics < 3 months |  |  |  |
 Yes | 45 (8.2) | 27 (6.4) | 35 (7.7) |
 No | 475 (86.7) | 371 (87.3) | 401 (87.7) |
Gravity | Â | Â | Â |
 0 | 302 (55.1) | NA | 242 (53.0) |
 1 | 154 (28.1) |  | 136 (29.8) |
 2 or more | 73 (13.3) |  | 65 (14.2) |
Parity | Â | Â | Â |
 0 | 362 (66.1) | NA | 296 (64.8) |
 1 | 130 (23.7) |  | 114 (24.9) |
 2 or more | 20 (3.6) |  | 18 (3.9) |
Miscarriage | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 425 (77.6) | NA | 351 (76.8) |
 Yes | 81 (14.8) |  | 71 (15.5) |
Abortion | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 172 (31.4) | NA | 151 (33.0) |
 Yes | 50 (9.1) |  | 46 (10.1) |
Complication(s) previous newborn | Â | NA | Â |
 No | 531 (96.9) |  | 442 (96.7) |
 Yes | 17 (3.1) |  | 15 (3.3) |
Behavioural risk factors | Â | Â | Â |
Age at sexual debut (years) | Â | Â | Â |
 < 18 | 354 (64.6) | 215 (50.6) | 301 (65.9) |
 ≥ 18 | 146 (26.6) | 151 (35.5) | 120 (26.3) |
No. of sex partners in last 12Â months | Â | Â | Â |
 0–1 partner | 492 (89.8) | 377 (88.7) | 415 (90.8) |
 2 or more | 24 (4.4) | 13 (3.1) | 19 (4.2) |
New sex partner in last 3Â months | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 521 (95.1) | 398 (93.6) | 438 (95.8) |
 Yes | 7 (1.3) | 2 (0.5) | 6 (1.3) |
Condom use at start current relation | Â | Â | Â |
 Always/mostly to regular | 326 (59.5) | 246 (57.9) | 274 (60.0) |
 Not always to never | 191 (34.9) | 147 (34.6) | 159 (34.8) |
STI-related symptoms | Â | Â | Â |
 0 | 217 (39.6) | 374 (88.0) | 180 (39.4) |
 1 | 171 (31.2) | 24 (5.6) | 145 (31.7) |
 2 | 100 (18.2) | 2 (0.5) | 87 (19.0) |
 3 or more | 42 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 33 (7.2) |
Previous STI test | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 237 (43.2) | 248 (58.4) | 202 (44.2) |
 Yes | 289 (52.7) | 149 (35.1) | 238 (52.1) |
  History of STI | 83 (28.7) | 45 (30.2) | 71 (29.8) |
  No history of STI | 198 (68.5) | 101 (67.8) | 161 (67.6) |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â |
 No, never | 202 (36.9) | 124 (29.2) | 173 (37.9) |
 In the past, not during pregnancy | 208 (38.0) | 169 (39.8) | 169 (37.0) |
 Yes, during pregnancy | 120 (21.9) | 108 (25.4) | 102 (22.3) |
  Yes, stopped since pregnant | 77 (14.1) | 13 (3.1) | 65 (14.2) |
  Yes, during pregnancy | 43 (7.8) | 95 (22.4) | 37 (8.1) |
Alcohol | Â | Â | Â |
 No, never | 51 (9.3) | NA | 41 (9.0) |
 In the past, not during pregnancy | 111 (20.3) |  | 96 (21.0) |
 Yes, during pregnancy | 365 (66.6) |  | 305 (69.0) |
  Yes, stopped since pregnant | 354 (64.6) | 294 (64.4) | |
  Yes, continued since pregnancy | 11 (2.0) |  | 11 (2.4) |
Drugs | Â | Â | Â |
 No, never | 343 (62.6) | 217 (51.1) | 293 (64.1) |
 In the past, not during pregnancy | 162 (29.6) | 134 (31.5) | 132 (28.9) |
  Soft drugs only | 111 (68.5) | 81 (60.4) | 90 (68.2) |
  Hard drugs ± soft drugs | 49 (30.2) | 51 (38.1) | 40 (30.3) |
 Yes, during pregnancy | 23 (4.2) | 47 (11.1) | 17 (3.7) |
  Soft drugs only | 17 (73.9) | 22 (55.0) | 13 (76.5) |
  Hard drugs (or both) | 6 (26.1) | 18 (45.0) | 4 (23.5) |
  Yes, stopped since pregnant | 22 (4.0) | 7 (1.6) | 17 (3.7) |
  Yes, continued since pregnant | 1 (0.2) | 40 (9.4) | 0 (0.0) |
STIs (95% CI) | 13 (2.4, 1.3–4.0) | 10 (2.2, 1.0–4.0) | 11 (2.4, 1.2–4.3) |
 Chlamydia | 10 (1.8, 0.9–3.3) | 10 (2.2, 1.0–4.0) | 9 (2.0, 0.9–3.7) |
 Gonorrhoea | 2 (0.4, 0.0–1.3) | 1 (0.2, 0.0–1.3) | 1 (0.2, 0.0–1.2) |
 Trichomoniasis | 2 (0.4, 0.0–1.3) | 0 (0.0, 0.0–0.9) | 1 (0.2, 0.0–1.2) |
 More than 1 STI | 1 (0.2, 0.0–1.2) | 1 (0.2, 0.0–1.3) | 0 (0.0, 0.0–0.9) |
CT knowledge | Â | Â | Â |
CT knowledge score (median, IQR) | 9.0 (8.0–11.0) | 9.0 (7.0–10.0) | 9.0 (7.0–11.0) |
 0–5 points (low score) | 59 (10.8) | 65 (15.3) | 54 (11.8) |
 6–9 points (middle score) | 221 (40.3) | 184 (43.3) | 181 (39.6) |
 10–12 points (high score) | 249 (45.4) | 153 (36.0) | 209 (45.7) |
Pregnancy outcomes | Â | Â | Â |
Adverse perinatal outcome | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 397 (72.4) |  | 397 (86.9) |
 Yes | 50 (9.1) |  | 50 (10.9) |
Prematurity (< 37 weeks) |  |  |  |
 No | 417 (76.1) |  | 417 (91.2) |
 Yes | 32 (5.8) |  | 32 (7.0) |
Premature rupture of membranes | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 433 (79.0) |  | 433 (94.7) |
 Yes | 18 (3.3) |  | 18 (3.9) |
Low birthweight (< 2500 g) |  |  |  |
 No | 426 (77.7) |  | 426 (93.2) |
 Yes | 19 (3.5) |  | 19 (4.2) |
Small for gestational age | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 418 (76.3) |  | 418 (91.5) |
 Yes | 28 (5.1) |  | 28 (6.1) |