Table 5 Generalized mixed-effects multilevel logistic regression of the effect of the intervention on institutional birth rate among pregnant women in the Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia 2022

Level 2: higher level variable

Climatic zone (Highland ref.)

Lowland

2.3 (3.1, 3.3)

–

1.7 (1.2, 2.6)*

Individual-level variables

Intervention status

Experimental group

–

1.8 (0.8, 4.3)

2.8(1.2, 6.4)*

Mother’s level of education (no formal schooling ref.)

Formal education

–

0.8 (0.5, 1.5)

0.9 (0.5, 1.6)

Wealth index (first quantile ref.)

Fifth quantile

–

1.4 (1.2, 1.7)

1.3 (1.1, 1.6)*

End-line BPCR practice (less prepared ref.)

Well-prepared

–

1.9 (1.2, 2.9)

1.8 (1.2, 2.8)*

End-line ANC (no ANC visit ref.)

Yes

–

1.4 (0.8, 2.4)

1.4 (0.8, 2.3)

Baseline Institutional birth (homebirth ref.)

Health facility

–

2.5 (1.4, 3.4)

2.1 (1.4, 3.2)*